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 The Partitions Of Poland, Why it happened?
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In 1772, 1793 and 1795 Three Black Eagles (Russia, Prussia and Austria) decided to divide up Polish and Lithuanian territory among themselves. In 1795 there was no more Polish sovereign state.
These three countries each time had a casus belli, but now I have another, problematic question - why during the second part of the Eighteenth Century, Poland became so dangerous for them, that they decided to crush Poland's sovereignty?
There were clear signs, that Poles tried to improve their political situation - the growing military strength of the Commonwealth, political revival, etc. Maybe this was the main reason.
But - was it just a greed for new, rich territories or something other made Russia, Austria and Prussia do it?
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In my wiev, They had done that, because they were afraid about raising of polish power. New low and probably new organization decided to attack to poland. It's only my hypothesis:D
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In fact, the Kingdom of Poland was weak in XVIII century.
This is the main reason of our 'tragedy'.
Austria and Prussia just take the occasion then. The Russian empire was the only hostile country.
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There is many reasons this tragic situation. But in my opinion ones is very important. Russia was afraid Polish power. Prussia and Austria was located in western Europe but Russia was far far away at east. Russia wants to join to central or western Europe. Strong and large Poland was hindrance for this target.
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Esme
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Ola |
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In my opinion, greed had a lot to do with it. From the point of view of the three countries (Austria, Russia and Prussia) this was just yet another step to strengthen their empires. Do tell me if I'm wrong, but I suppose that if Poland was any of those countries, us being replaced by either Austira, Russia, or Prussia (a funny notion), then Poland would seize the chance also. What more, it was dangerous for each of the countries, the strengthening of two foes (allies - yeah, right)by Polish lands.
Also, the first partition - Marie Therese, Emperess of Austria co-ruled with her son, if my memmory does not decieve me. I suppose this does not add much to our discussion, but she was againt the Partition. Of course, in the end, she did allow it.
Russia... Ah, Russia. I don't know about Prussia (as far as I'm concerned, they had no innovative reasons for attacking Poland), but Tsarina Catherine II was all for. A bit of a hypocritical one, but she was a great ruler, if 'great' means expanding her country, etc. An enlightened tyran, I do not think she was scared of Poland's power. We really were weak back then. Sad, but true.
Conclusion: I vote for greed, and certaintly not for the trembling in face of the Oh-So-Great-And-Terrible-Polish-Army. Of course, from the POV of their countries - it was a very good move. That they crushed another country while doing so... Well, it happens.
Cheers,
Esme
EDIT: I do agree with Lu Tzy.
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They feared poland , could prevent imperial plans of these countries.
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Mareknufc
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Marek |
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Stopień akademicki: ni ma ;/ |
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Zawód: Student fil. i prawa |
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The irony is that when Poland was helpless, neigbouring states had nothing againts its existence. The strife begun with the election of Stanisław August Poniatowski and reforms that were even prior to the general election. Furthermore Poland was perceived as a country subordinated to Russia, with the king who was chosen for request of Katharine II, his former lover. No one dared, what seems logical, to engage in Polish matters in order not to come in conflict with mighty country on the East. But some of the polish nobles were much rebellious and decide to set up a union geared to get rid of Russian forces from the country. They met in a hamlet of Bar, Ukraine, and fixed a programme of their campaign. Their main objective was to restore aurea libertas, all the privileges they had because of their noble descent. They strongly advocated Roman Catholic Church and put Maria on their banners, believing that with divine help they might be succeeded in the fight. At the outset of uprising, Russian thought they can annihilate their foes on their own and in some way they underestimated polish zeal. In conjuction with the war with Turkey, the war prolonged much and was put to an end after 4 years. At that point Russians understood that to maintain their control in whole country is beyond their power, so they agreed with the suggestion of Frederick the Great to divide Poland between three powerful neighbours. Empress of Austria, Maria Teresa, at first did not want to consent for that malevolence as she was pious lady, but the Pope himself confirmed that there was nothing wrong with dismember weaker country so finally all three countries reached an agreement. To conclude, they just could not afford Poland to make progress and reinforce the army. They condoned the existence of weak Poland, but any ideas of altering this state had to met with a strong opposition and uproar. So it was.
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QUOTE(Lu Tzy @ 2/02/2008, 12:11) In fact, the Kingdom of Poland was weak in XVIII century. This is the main reason of our 'tragedy'. Austria and Prussia just take the occasion then. The Russian empire was the only hostile country.
Yeah...
Russia was hostile, whereas Austria and Prussia were very friendly.  That's why they participated in the partitions: to save people from Warsaw, Gdansk and Poznan from Russian threat.
It reminds me of Joseph Stalin, who wasn't hostile at all. On 17th Sept 1939 he just took care of peaceful Belarussians and Ukrainians threatened by the Germans.
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6/06/2006, 20:08
